Matou te tau ma le pala

O le lapisi o le toto o se taatele masani o le tele o laau toto e mafua mai i le manogi o le manogi ma o loo faamatalaina i le fausia o pustules o ituaiga eseese ma totoga i luga o totoga afaina, lea e afaina mai ai le paʻu "eleelea" e aofia ai spores spores i luga o le tafe.

Roto - o se faʻamaʻi e mafua mai i gaʻo papa, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le ituaiga Phragmidium poʻo Puccinia.

O loʻo faʻaalia i le faʻaalia mai o laʻau mumu lanu moana i luga o le pito i luga o le laulaʻau, ma o pustules o le oval poʻo le taamilosaga lapotopoto o loʻo vaaia i tua o le lau. E faasolosolo lava, ona tupu aʻe aʻa, ma lau lanu samasama ma pauu.

Faailoga

O faʻafitauli o le liona o loʻo i ai ni mea faʻapitoa poʻo ni fasi lanu o le lanu mumu ma le lanu enaena i lalo ifo o laulaau, e le tele i petioles ma fua o laau. I luga o le pito i luga o le laupepa latou te fuafua i ni lanu samasama samasama. I se taimi mulimuli ane, o meaola o le moa o le mushroom o loo i luga ifo o laulaau. O faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi e mafua ai le vevela o laau totō (ie faʻasaʻoina o le susu), ma faʻamaʻi tele - faʻamago ma pa'ū o laulaau.

O aʻafiaga e ave e le matagi poʻo iniseti. O le maʻi e tupu i le lotoifale..

Eseesega

O aʻafiaga e aʻafia ai, gaosiga o fale gaosi oloa, togafiti teuteu, laau vaomatua ma laau vao, togavao vao. Pathogens E totoina laau toto i luga o vaega eletise o laau toto, fafaga ai mea o loʻo i totonu o siama ola, e salalau solo i le spores.

I faʻamaʻi o fualaau aina, metabolism, paleni ole vai, ua faʻaitiitia le malosi o photosynthesis, ma ua faʻaitiitia le tuputupu aʻe. Laʻau o laau toto e aafia ai le lelei o fualaau aina ma fatu, o mea e tao ai le saito ma le rye.

Tele le afaina leaga: fatu o le laina (faʻatoʻaga o le Puccinia graminis), o le brown brown (P. triticina, o laau vavalaʻau - cornflower ma hazel), suauu enaena (P. dispersa, laau vavalalata - fefinaʻi ma fulafula), samasama samasama (P. striiformis), dwarf barley ( P. hordei, laau vavalalata - moa), pale oats (P. coronifera, laau vavalalata - buckthorn), sana (P. sorghi, laau vavalalata), sunflower (P. helianthi), flax (Melampsora liniusitatissimi), suka suka (Uromyces betae), fugalaau (Phragmidium rubi), pears, apple trees (pathogen Gymnosporangium sabinae, laau laugatasi - masani ma juniper faamaoni), bokalchataya po columnar gooseberries ma currants (faatupu faamai mai fafo faasologa Puccinia ribesii caricis, Cronatrium ribicola, laau vailauga - sedge, Siberian arasi paina po paina Weymouth). Ole afaina taua e mafai ona mafua mai ile afu o le pine (cheryanka), o nila o le larch ma le birch leaves (Melampsoridium betulae), nila o le spruce (Chrysomyxa ledi), nila o le pine (pathogens o ituaiga o sigi o le genle Coleosporium).

Faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻatonutonu

Faʻatafunaina o augatotonu o le ele, o le vavae ese o mea totō poʻo togalaau mai ia latou.
O le suamalie loloto o le eleele mo le faʻaumatiaga o le taumalulu o -uredo-ma teletospores.
Faʻateleina le puipuiga o laau i le faʻatinoga o galuega faʻatoaga (lūlūina o aso, faʻalauteleina o fua o le phosphate ma mea faʻamalolo faʻasaina, ma isi).
Faʻamamaina, faʻavasegaina ma le faʻaofuina o fatu ma fugalaau (paluga o sunflower, flax, sugar beet).
Faʻaleleia faʻamaʻi vave pe a uma ona lau lau lau lua pe a maeʻa le 15 aso (otaota o gooseberries ma currants, apple apples, pears, nila pine, spruce); faʻatautaia o vailaʻau faʻasaina.
Aveesea o laʻau ma lala. Faaaoga le pulumu ma sauniuniga: "topaz", "Vectra", "strobe", palu Bordeaux, cuproxate. O le togafitiga e toe fai 2-3 taimi pe a mavae le 10 aso.