Oona o le taumafa vevela o le vao ma fualaau aina

I tausaga talu ai nei, o le tau vevela i le tele o itulagi e le mafaamatalaina, lea ei ai sona aafiaga le lelei i le atinaʻeina ma fua o le togalaau ma le totoina o togalaau ma togalaau aina. Ina ia mafai ona faʻamautinoa lau tamaoaiga, e tatau ona amata mai i le tau o le tausaga talu ai le puipuiga, ma e latou te o mai i lalo, i le mea muamua, i mea tau fuataga. O le togalaau ma le toga na totoina e ituaiga eseese, vave ona faamamaina vao ma isi otaota, vave ona faasusu ma fafagaina, o le a teenaina le amataina o faamai i se suiga tele i tulaga o le tau (timuga faaumiumi, mailei malulu, faamaʻi epiphytotic, ma isi).

O togafitiga o toga vevela mo faʻamaʻi. © naturalhealth365

Iuni e fesoʻotaʻi ma le tupu aʻe o ovaries, o le faʻavaeina o fualaau aina ma le amataga o le fua o le vave o vine ma fua o fua. O le mea lea, o timuga ma timuga i le gasologa o lenei vaitau e faʻapupulaina ai le lamatiaga o faʻamaʻi eseese. Ia Iuni-Iulai, o faʻamaʻi pipisi ma faʻamaʻi pipisi e vave maua.

E le mafai ona fesoʻotaʻi atu o faʻamaʻi e le mafai ona faʻafeiloaʻi i isi laau ma aganuu. Pe a faʻaumatia le faʻapogai o le faʻamaʻi, e toe faʻaleagaina ai laau i isi mea totō. O mafuaʻaga autu o faʻamaʻi e le mafai ona fesoʻotaʻi, o le le lava lea o meaʻai e tatau ai, elemene o le eletise, faʻavaivai ma isi.

O faamaʻi pipisi (infectious) e iloagofie i le gafatia e fesuiai i isi laau, o nisi taimi ma se suiga o tagata e ona, faatelevave vave, faaleagaina o mea totō, faaleagaina laau totō ma fatuga na latou faia i se taimi puupuu.

Vailaʻau faʻamaʻi i luga o laʻau fugalaau. © Michelle Grabowski

Faʻailoga masani o faʻamaʻi faʻaleagaina

O faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi e afua mai i vaega eseese o fuamoa leaga e aʻafia i totonu o totoga o laau ma suia ai a latou galuega masani ile faiga ole tino, lea e mafua ai le maliu. Fugal spores faʻatele, lea e ola faʻatasi ma le mycelium e ala i totonu o totoga o laau. I fafo, o le faʻamaʻi e aliali mai i le foliga o le pogisa o laulaʻau, o foliga mai o tubercles i luga o le lau laʻau ma weni laiti, lanu eseese o lanu eseese, lea e faasolosolo malie ona fusia faʻatasi. Lea lanu samasama, lanu enaena, paʻu. O le faʻamaʻi sili ona oʻo atu na oʻo ia Iuni-Iulai. E afaina ai totoga uma o le laau, e aofia ai fua. I le tau mafanafana, e salalau ai faʻatasi ma conidiospores i le umi o le susu susu ma timuga.

Anthracnose i luga o le vine. © omafra Powdery Mildew, poʻo le Goozeberry Powdery Mildew (Sferotek). © Dorling Kindersley Cercosporosis, poo le lanu enaena i luga o le sala salalau o Mizuna. © Scot Nelson

O faʻamaʻi pipisi o le fatu e aofia ai le moni ma le sese paʻu palapala, avanoa sikolasipi (paʻu paʻu) Septoria (paʻu papaʻe) anthracnose, cercosporosis (lanu enaena) ma isi maʻi faʻamaʻi ma siama.

O le tele o laau o le berry ma le anthracnose, cercosporosis, septeriosis, paʻu paʻu ma isi faʻamaʻi pipisi ma isi faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi e aafia ai currants mumu, gooseberries, fugalaau, vine. O se tulaga iloga o faʻamaʻi faʻaleagaina i le amataga o le atinaʻe o le leaga o laʻau i le ituaiga lanumeamata-samasama, ma mulimuli ane - enaena ma isi mea. E faasolosolo ona pasi atu le maʻi i petioles ma sosoʻo. Laʻau e totoe i tua o lala. O laulaau lanumeamata e ufiufi i paʻu enaena.

Fualaau aina (apu laau, pears, peaches, cherries ma isi) e aafia ai mataʻu, phylosticosis, coccomycosis, Moniliosis (fua le pala) lapoʻa lau, paʻu palapala, lapisi, taatele le kanesa ma isi maʻi faʻamaʻi.

Faʻaaliga mai fafo o le faʻamaʻi e amata i fua, laʻau, alu i luga o vine mama, fua. O gasegase o le tino e suia le lanu o laulaau, ma ufiufi i le fulu i le pito i lalo ma le pito i luga o laulaau laulaau, o le laupepa e foliga mai, muamua i foliga o ni tamai lanu eseese o lanu ma tuaoi eseese, mulimuli ane fusia i le tasi itu. Lea pauu ese. O fua e mummified pe pala.

O nei suiga uma i fualaau aina ma fualaau aina e fua mai ai se faʻamaʻi poʻo se siama faʻamaʻi ma le manaʻomia mo togafitiga faʻatoʻaga.

Coccomycosis cherries. © michaelld2003 Phyllosticosis, poʻo le laulauina o laʻau. © uk Mycoplasma witch nest disease on honeysuckle. © Jocelyn H. Chilvers

Fua o le Faʻasologa o Mala

Vailaau Mataʻutia

O loʻo i ai faʻamalamalamaga o loʻo i ai le faʻafesoʻotaʻi, lea e mafai ona faʻaaogaina mo togafitiga 25-30 aso aʻo le seleselega, galue lelei i faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi. Faʻasalaga sauniuniga i totonu o se vailaʻau masini e tusa ai ma fautuaga ma faʻamalolo i vaega o loʻo faʻaalia i luga o le afifi poʻo i faʻamatalaga faʻatasi: Abiga-Peak, Profilactin, Bordeaux liquid, Topaz, Oksikhom, Profit.

Talu ai nei, o vailaʻau ua aliali mai i luga o maketi o sauniuniga kemisi mo togafitiga o faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi, lea e faʻaopopoina i se puipuiga, ma le faʻamalosia o aʻafiaga - Ordan, Profit-Gold, Acrobat MC, Skor, Previkur ma isi.

O vailaʻau faʻasaina e manaʻomia ai le faʻaeteete i le faʻaaogaina, ona o lo latou aʻafiaga i le ola maloloina o tagata, manu, manufelelei ma iniseti. Pe a faʻaaogaina ia mea, e tatau ona amanaia se vaitaimi umi umi, o le mea lea, e mafai ona faʻaaogaina fualaau faʻatau i fua o fua (fualaʻau, currants, gooseberries, irgi, cherries muamua ma isi) naʻo le tautotogo, aʻo lei tupu.

Meaola o meaola

E sili atu ona fautuaina le faʻaaogaina o fualaau oona mai faʻamaʻi pipisi eseese i le fale poʻo le nofoaga lata ane. E faia i luga o se soifuaga ola, e le solia mo le tino o le tagata. O le taimi e faʻatali ai e le sili atu i le 3-5 aso, ma o nisi sauniuniga e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e tusa lava pe o le seleselega faʻatasi ma lona matuuga matuitui.

E masani lava, o meaola faʻasao laau toto e faʻamaʻi ai faʻamaʻi o loʻo i ai se taimi pupuʻu mo faʻamaʻi ma e manaʻomia le faʻaaogaina faifaipea, ae o le mafai gafatia e tausia le soifua maloloina ma maua ai oloa faʻaleleia o le siosiomaga e totogi atoa le taimi na faʻaaluina i togafitiga faʻapitoa. E tatau ona maitauina o le tele o meaola o meaola (biofungicides ma bioinsecticides) o loʻo faʻafefiloi i mea faʻafefiloi, lea e faʻaitiitia ai le numera o togafitiga.

Scab i luga o lau ma fua o se pi. © Iulai

O meaola o meaola, fungal ma bacterial biofungicides ua faʻamaonia lelei lava i latou. I totonu o itulagi ma le malulu ma le susu, o le biofungicide "Fitodoctor" e aoga i le puipuia o fua o fualaau aina mai le kanesa o le siama, paʻu, coccomycosis, aʻa e pala. O le bacter biofungicides Bactofit, Phytocide, Planrin, Pseudobacterin ma le biopsing universal Haupsin, lea e puipuia ma le agavaa ai togalaau, vine, vine, fanua, melons ma togalaau mai siama siama ma fungal, e manaʻomia i le pusa fesoasoani muamua. O Haupsin e le gata ina faʻaumatia le faʻamaʻi, ae o loʻo i ai foi lona faʻalauteleina o meatotino.

Maʻi faʻamaʻi

O faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi i tausaga taʻitasi e faʻalauteleina ai a latou aʻafiaga i luga o le faʻatoʻaga o laau ma togalaau: lauulu lauulu ma mosaic lau, sili atu, mycoplasmal maʻi (brooms witches) ma isi e toetoe lava a le mafai ona faʻaleagaina faʻamaʻi. Puipuiga mai faʻamaʻi viral e oʻo mai i le faʻaleagaina faʻaleagaina o faʻamaʻi maʻi.

Laʻau laʻau. © Robyn Mello

Faatasi ai ma meaola o meaola, o oloa Pentafag-S na maua i le faatauina atu. E aofia ai mamanu o faʻamaʻi pipisi ma faʻaumatia e le gata i faʻamaʻi ma siama faʻamaʻi, ae faʻapea foi viral. O lenei fualaau faasaina, e pei o isi meaola o meaola, e saogalemu mo tagata, bees ma manu mafanafana toto. O fualaau ua taua i luga ua uma ona tofotofoina ma ua faamaonia ai i latou lava i le tau faasaga i faamai o laau toto ma fualaau aina.

O tausaga taʻitasi, o auala fou o le puipuia o fualaau aina ma le totoina o togalaau mai faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi e aliali mai i le maketi o meaola o meaola. E mafai ona e faamasani ma i latou i le tusi taʻi tausaga o sauniuniga ua saunia mo le puipuia o laau mai faʻamaʻi.